A theoretical yield is the amount of product that could have been produced if everything went as planned and every single atom of reactant worked perfectly together. The theoretical yield is calculated when a calculation is performed on paper or before completing a process in a lab.
The actual yield is the amount of product produced when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory. The percent yield is the proportion of the actual yield to the theoretical yield.
Both theoretical yield and actual yield are critical in product manufacturing. Much work and money are invested in increasing chemical manufacturing yields. When complex molecules are synthesized through a series of reactions, a low-yielding step can quickly result in a huge waste of reactants and excessive expenditure.
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