The process of vaporisation is the transformation of a liquid into a gas. The vaporisation process requires the use of energy in order for liquid particles to overcome intermolecular attractions and vaporise. This energy is referred to as the heat of vaporisation. The heat of vaporisation is different for each substance, but it is constant for …
Definitions
A theoretical yield is the amount of product that could have been produced if everything went as planned and every single atom of reactant worked perfectly together. The theoretical yield is calculated when a calculation is performed on paper or before completing a process in a lab. The actual yield is the amount of product …
The mass of a molecule is measured in terms of its “molecular weight.” The molecular weight of a molecule is calculated by adding up the weights of each atom that makes it up.For instance, water, with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, it has a molecular weight of 18 (i.e., 2 + 16).The mass of …
A steric number is a number used to express regions of electron density surrounding a particular atom.In simpler terms, the steric number represents the number of lone pairs and atoms bonded to the central atom of a molecule. Examples of Steric Number Steric Number of CO2 If we study Lewis structure of CO2, carbon forms a double …
Bond length is defined as the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. The greater the value of bond energy, the shorter the bond length. It is measured in Angstrom units (Å) or picometers (pm).The bond length increases with an increase in the size of the atom. For example, C-C < …
A solvent is a substance that dissolves another substance, known as a solute, resulting in the production of a solution. Although most people associate solvents with liquids, they can also exist as solids, liquids, or gases. The most useful, though, are liquid solvents.This article includes the definition of solvent and various types of solvents. Definition …
In chemistry, the term “fermentation” refers to the process of breaking down sugar molecules into simpler compounds in order to produce substances that can be used to generate chemical energy. Fermentation has been used to manufacture bread, wine, beer, cheese, and other foods for thousands of years. Fermentation is frequently accomplished by the activity of …
Sterilization is defined as any physical or chemical technique that destroys all forms of life, is most commonly used to eliminate bacteria, spores, and viruses. Sterilization is the full elimination of all microorganisms by the use of an appropriate chemical agent or heat.This article includes the definition of Sterilization and various methods to do sterilization. …
In chemistry, the term “concentration” refers to the components of a mixture or solution.In simple words, concentration is the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent and can be characterized using a variety of qualitative terms like molarity, molality, mass percentage, parts per thousand, parts per million, and parts per billion.This article includes …
The tension force is described as the force transferred through a rope, string, or wire when pulled by opposing forces. The tension force is directed along the length of the wire, pulling energy equally on the bodies at the ends.Tension causes the material to lengthen or stretch. When a tension force is given to a …
The electric flux of an electric field is a measure of the number of electric field lines passing through an area. The greater the area, the more field lines pass through it, and thus the greater the flux; similarly, the greater the electric field, the greater the flux. However, if the area is rotated so …
A system’s internal energy is defined as the sum of the random internal kinetic energies of the atoms and the total internal potential energies due to the bonds between atoms. A simple example is a battery, which uses internal energy to produce chemical reactions.Furthermore, the internal energy is a state function, not a path function. …
Eddy current is a type of current which produces when a conductor is moving through a magnetic field, or when the magnetic field surrounding a stationary conductor is varying. The size of the eddy current is proportional to the size of the magnetic field, the area of the loop, and the rate of change of …
The spread of a substance from a concentrated point to a less concentrated point is known as diffusion. Everything can diffuse, from the smallest molecules to an entire population. For instance, a perfume or room freshener spray diffuses into the air, allowing us to sense the odor. Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases when particles …
Stress is a force or combination of forces that are distributed throughout an object and act to deform it.Compressive stress is the normal force per area that causes an object’s length to decrease. For instance, Pressure is the compressive stress (P = F/A) applied uniformly to all surfaces of an object.Its formula is given as σ =F/A, where F …