Light is a type of energy that is emitted by a light source. Light is made up of photons, which travel at high speeds. A photon behaves both as a wave and as a particle. A photon’s behaviour is difficult to describe because it is both a wave and a particle. Scientists describe the amount …
Energy
Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from a hot place to a cooler place due to a temperature difference. Heat can be transferred in three modes: conduction, convection and radiation. In simple words, Heat transfer refers to the process of transferring heat from a higher-temperature object (or system) to a lower-temperature object (or …
The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the minimum amount of energy required to cause the reaction to occur. It is usually denoted by the symbol Ea and is measured in kilojoules per mole. It can be viewed as a barrier between reagents and reaction products. In simple words, activation energy is the energy difference …
Electromagnetic energy is a transverse waveform of energy that is invisible. It is the only type of energy in our universe that does not require a medium or matter to travel on or through. As a transverse wave, electromagnetic energy can travel through empty space. Light energy is a simple example of electromagnetic energy. Keep reading to …
Wind energy refers to the process of using wind to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power. Wind turbines use blades to collect the kinetic energy of the wind. Wind flows over the blades, causing lift (similar to the effect on aeroplane wings) and turning the blades. The …
Potential and kinetic energy are the two types of energy. Potential energy refers to stored energy, whereas kinetic energy is energy in motion. Both kinetic and potential energies are measured in joules (J). Potential energy is defined as the energy stored by a body as a result of its position in relation to others, internal …
The Gibbs free energy (G) of a system is defined as the system’s enthalpy minus the product of the system’s temperature (T) and entropy (S). . It is a state function because it is defined in terms of state functions, which are thermodynamic properties. Its mathematical form is given as G = H – TS.State …
Energy exists in various forms, each of which can be converted into the other. The total energy is conserved in conversion processes in a closed system. As a result, energy is one of the fundamental quantities of physics.Electricity energy is a type of energy that allows things to move and work. It is the movement of …
Thermal energy is the flow of heat from a warmer to a cooler material. When thermal energy is transferred to a material, the motion of its particles accelerates and the temperature rises. Technically, thermal energy is defined as the sum of all kinetic and potential energy that comprises a physical system. This total thermal energy …
Electric potential energy is defined as the total potential energy that a unit charge will have if it is located anywhere in space. Simply put, the electric potential energy of a charge or system of charges is the total work done by an external agent in bringing a charge or system of charges from infinity …
The efficiency of a system is defined as the ratio of useful energy output to total energy input. When a system is efficient, it means that the majority of the energy transferred is useful. When a system is inefficient, the majority of the energy transferred is wasted.Efficiency is a measurement of how much energy is …
Salts readily absorb water as salt compounds and water are polar in nature, and the attraction between them is quite strong. Hygroscopic salts are salts that can absorb water. Above 75% relative humidity, salt becomes deliquescent, meaning it absorbs so much water that it forms a solution.Sugar is also hygroscopic; it forms weak bonds with …
A sugar solution is a homogeneous mixture because any substance that dissolves in water is a homogeneous mixture. Simply put, when sugar and water are mixed, they form a solution. The sugar is evenly distributed throughout the solution (homogeneous mixture), so no portion is sweeter than another. The dissolved portion of the solution is known …
The term hydrolysis is derived from the Greek words hydro (water) and lysis (to unbind). In practice, hydrolysis refers to the process of separating chemicals when water is added.Water molecules are typically attached to two parts of a molecule during hydrolysis. One molecule of a substance will receive the H+ ion, while the other will …
Inertia is a property of matter that causes it to resist changes in velocity (speed and/or direction). Newton’s first law of motion states that an object with a given velocity maintains that velocity unless acted on by an external force. Inertia is directly proportional to the mass of the body. Some common examples of inertial are …