The total magnetic field that passes through a given area is defined as magnetic flux. It is an effective tool for describing the effects of the magnetic force on something in a specific location.Magnetic flux is given by the dot product of the magnetic field and the area vector and it is a scalar quantity.Weber (Wb) is …
Definitions
The degree to which a material can be magnetized in an external magnetic field is referred to as magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility of material, commonly represented by χm, is equal to the magnetization M within the material divided by the applied magnetic field strength H.The magnetic susceptibility formula is χm = M/H. It is a …
Acid rain is rain composed of acidic water droplets caused by a polluted atmosphere, caused by large amounts of sulfur and nitrogen emitted by automobiles and industrial processes.When acid chemicals are blown over wet areas, the acid condenses and falls to the ground as rain, snow, fog, and mist.Acid chemicals combine with dust or smoke …
Photosynthesis is the chemical process by which plants and other organisms combine carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar (glucose) and oxygen using energy from the Sun. In this process, plants absorb sunlight energy, take in carbon dioxide from the air via their leaves, absorb water via their roots, and produce glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis …
When an atom gains or loses an electron and becomes positively or negatively charged, it becomes an ion. When an atom turns into an ion, its atomic radius (distance between nucleus and valence electrons) changes, this new radius is known as the atom’s ionic radius. Ionic Radius Definition The radius of an ion from its …
London dispersion force is the weakest type of intermolecular force caused by the uneven distribution of electrons in molecules. On average, electrons are evenly distributed in a molecule, but they can be clustered on one side of a molecule. This clustering results in an instantaneous dipole. The instantaneous dipole can cause a temporary dipole to …
Absolute alcohol is 100% pure ethanol with the chemical formula C2H5OH. The primary distinction between industrial alcohol and absolute alcohol is that industrial alcohol can be methanol or ethanol with a purity of 95 per cent, whereas absolute alcohol is ethanol with a purity of 99 per cent.Absolute alcohol is used in many different fields, …
A base is defined in chemistry as a substance that reacts with acids to form a salt and releases hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution. Furthermore, the base accepts protons or donates electrons. Important Characteristics of Bases Bases can be used to neutralize acids. A harmless water molecule is formed when a base, usually OH–, …
The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Particles in solids are tightly packed together. The particles move faster in liquids, while they spread out more in gases. In chemistry, particles can be atoms, ions, or molecules.The molecules in liquids can move around and slide past one another. For instance, Water is a …
An ion is an atom or group of atoms (molecule) with an electric charge. Gaining electrons makes the atom negatively charged (anions), and losing electrons makes the atom positively charged. Cations are positive-charged ions (cations). For instance, In sodium chloride (NaCl), a Neutral sodium atom (Na) becomes sodium cation (Na+) by releasing an electron and …
Saltpeter, also known as Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is a white crystalline solid that is commonly found as a powder. The majority of saltpeter (potassium nitrate) is created by a chemical reaction between nitric acid and potassium salts. It’s simple to produce it in the lab by reacting ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride in water.KNO3 is …
Absolute temperature is a temperature reading reported using a temperature scale where 0 represents absolute zero.In simple words, The absolute temperature is the lowest temperature at which the system has the least amount of energy. The absolute temperature scales are Kelvin (metric) and Rankine (English).Ordinary Temperature value, on the other hand, refers to the amount …
Metals that are weakly attracted to magnets are known as paramagnetic materials. Paramagnetic materials become weakly magnetized in the presence of an external magnetic field. Such materials have a permanent dipole moment of a permanent magnetic moment. However, when the applied field is removed, the materials tend to lose their magnetism. This is due to …
An isolated system is a thermodynamic system that cannot exchange energy or matter (mass) outside of its bounds. This is the energy transformation that distinguishes an isolated system from a closed system. Closed systems are only closed to matter; energy can flow across the system’s boundaries.In simple terms, in an isolated system, neither matter nor …
Bioenergy is defined as biomass-derived energy. Biomass is the material burned or processed to produce bioenergy. It is composed of organic material derived from living organisms such as plants and animals. Some examples of bioenergy are listed below: Bioenergy Definition Bioenergy is derived from biological sources, such as living organisms and their metabolic products. It …