The degree to which a material can be magnetized in an external magnetic field is referred to as magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility of material, commonly represented by χm, is equal to the magnetization M within the material divided by the applied magnetic field strength H.
The magnetic susceptibility formula is χm = M/H. It is a dimensionless quantity.
Magnetic susceptibility is low and positive for paramagnetic materials. Electrons in paramagnetic materials align with the applied field and are drawn to areas of the higher magnetic fields.
Magnetic materials which align against the magnetic field are known as diamagnetic materials.
A diamagnetic material, in general, lacks permanent magnetic dipoles; induced magnetization tends to reduce the total magnetic field. This is why the magnetic susceptibility of a diamagnetic material is negative.
Ferromagnetic materials are magnetic materials that are highly magnetized in a magnetic field.
The magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic materials is very high and positive, and it is affected by the applied field. Ferromagnetic materials include iron, cobalt, nickel, and their alloys.
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