Heat can be transferred in three ways: conduction, radiation, and convection.Conduction refers to the transfer of energy via the movement of particles in contact with one another. In technical terms, conduction is the transfer of heat energy through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules. Conduction occurs more easily in solids and liquids because the particles …
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Stress in physics acts as a gauge for the strength of the forces that lead to deformation. Stress is typically described as force per unit area. Tensile stress occurs when forces act on something and make it elongate, like when an elastic band is stretched. Similarly, When an object is compressed by forces, compression stress results. …
Coulomb’s Law is all about how charged things (like balloons or socks rubbed on carpet) attract or repel each other. It says that the amount of attraction or repulsion depends on two things: how much charge each object has, and how far apart they are. Imagine two magnets – if you hold them close together, …
Chemical reactions are classified as endothermic or exothermic based on the energy transfer between the surrounding environment and the system where the reaction is taking place. There are two methods for determining whether a chemical reaction is endothermic or exothermic:a. observe the temperature change or the reactionb. Determine the enthalpy change (ΔH) between the reactants …
Energy exists in various forms, each of which can be converted into the other. The total energy is conserved in conversion processes in a closed system. As a result, energy is one of the fundamental quantities of physics.Electricity energy is a type of energy that allows things to move and work. It is the movement of …
Thermal energy is the flow of heat from a warmer to a cooler material. When thermal energy is transferred to a material, the motion of its particles accelerates and the temperature rises. Technically, thermal energy is defined as the sum of all kinetic and potential energy that comprises a physical system. This total thermal energy …
Gold is a malleable metal. Gold, in fact, is the most malleable of all metal elements. Metals’ malleability refers to their ability to be beaten into thin sheets under the influence of simple force, such as hammering. This is due to the arrangement of atoms in metals, i.e. their lattice structure, which allows the entire …
Superconductivity is a phenomenon that occurs in some materials when they are cooled below a specific temperature. Superconductors have outstanding characteristics such as zero electrical resistance, high power density, and low electromagnetic field. The material must be cooled below its “critical temperature” to achieve superconductivity. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) are superconductive at temperatures below -200 degrees …
The specific volume is a physical property of a substance and is defined as the number of cubic meters occupied by one kilogram of a specific substance. This is the same as the reciprocal of its density.For instance, water has a specific volume of 1.0 L/kg. This means that one kilogram of water equals one …
Mass is the quantity of matter contained in an object, while volume is the measure of space occupied by the object. The ratio of mass to volume is known as density.Some of the key differences between mass and density are given in the table below. Mass Density Definition Amount of matter contained in an object …
Density and specific gravity are two different quantities.The term “density” refers to an object’s mass per unit volume. It is an absolute quantity with SI units of kg/m3. The specific gravity of a material is simply the ratio of its density to that of water at 4 degrees Celsius. Specific gravity is a relative quantity …
The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Particles in solids are tightly packed together. The particles move faster in liquids, while they spread out more in gases. In chemistry, particles can be atoms, ions, or molecules.The molecules in liquids can move around and slide past one another. For instance, Water is a …
Saltpeter, also known as Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is a white crystalline solid that is commonly found as a powder. The majority of saltpeter (potassium nitrate) is created by a chemical reaction between nitric acid and potassium salts. It’s simple to produce it in the lab by reacting ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride in water.KNO3 is …
Absolute temperature is a temperature reading reported using a temperature scale where 0 represents absolute zero.In simple words, The absolute temperature is the lowest temperature at which the system has the least amount of energy. The absolute temperature scales are Kelvin (metric) and Rankine (English).Ordinary Temperature value, on the other hand, refers to the amount …
Metals that are weakly attracted to magnets are known as paramagnetic materials. Paramagnetic materials become weakly magnetized in the presence of an external magnetic field. Such materials have a permanent dipole moment of a permanent magnetic moment. However, when the applied field is removed, the materials tend to lose their magnetism. This is due to …