The process of reducing heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or within the range of radiative influence is known as thermal insulation. Thermal insulations are made up of low thermal conductivity materials that have been combined to achieve even lower system thermal conductivity. Thermal insulation can be achieved through the use of specially designed methods or processes, as well as appropriate object shapes and materials.
Thermal insulation is based on the use of materials that have a very low thermal conductivity. These materials are known as thermal insulators. Common thermal insulators include wood, wool, fibreglass, rock wool, polystyrene, and polyurethane. These materials have low heat conductivity and thus serve as good thermal insulators.v